StringUtils.cpp

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// StringUtils.cpp
 
// Implements the various string helper functions:
 
#include "Globals.h"
 
#include "fmt/printf.h"
 
#ifdef _MSC_VER
    // Under MSVC, link to WinSock2 (needed by RawBEToUTF8's byteswapping)
    #pragma comment(lib, "ws2_32.lib")
#endif
 
 
 
 
 
static unsigned char HexToDec(char a_HexChar)
{
    switch (a_HexChar)
    {
        case '0': return 0;
        case '1': return 1;
        case '2': return 2;
        case '3': return 3;
        case '4': return 4;
        case '5': return 5;
        case '6': return 6;
        case '7': return 7;
        case '8': return 8;
        case '9': return 9;
        case 'a': return 10;
        case 'b': return 11;
        case 'c': return 12;
        case 'd': return 13;
        case 'e': return 14;
        case 'f': return 15;
        case 'A': return 10;
        case 'B': return 11;
        case 'C': return 12;
        case 'D': return 13;
        case 'E': return 14;
        case 'F': return 15;
    }
    return 0xff;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString & vPrintf(AString & a_String, const char * a_Format, fmt::printf_args a_ArgList)
{
    ASSERT(a_Format != nullptr);
    fmt::memory_buffer Buffer;  // Save a string allocation compared to vsprintf
    fmt::vprintf(Buffer, fmt::to_string_view(a_Format), a_ArgList);
    a_String.assign(Buffer.data(), Buffer.size());
    return a_String;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString vPrintf(const char * a_Format, fmt::printf_args a_ArgList)
{
    ASSERT(a_Format != nullptr);
    return fmt::vsprintf(a_Format, a_ArgList);
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString & vAppendPrintf(AString & a_String, const char * a_Format, fmt::printf_args a_ArgList)
{
    ASSERT(a_Format != nullptr);
    fmt::memory_buffer Buffer;
    fmt::vprintf(Buffer, fmt::to_string_view(a_Format), a_ArgList);
    a_String.append(Buffer.data(), Buffer.size());
    return a_String;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AStringVector StringSplit(const AString & str, const AString & delim)
{
    AStringVector results;
    size_t cutAt = 0;
    size_t Prev = 0;
    while ((cutAt = str.find_first_of(delim, Prev)) != str.npos)
    {
        results.push_back(str.substr(Prev, cutAt - Prev));
        Prev = cutAt + 1;
    }
    if (Prev < str.length())
    {
        results.push_back(str.substr(Prev));
    }
    return results;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AStringVector StringSplitWithQuotes(const AString & str, const AString & delim)
{
    AStringVector results;
 
    size_t cutAt = 0;
    size_t Prev = 0;
    size_t cutAtQuote = 0;
 
    while ((cutAt = str.find_first_of(delim, Prev)) != str.npos)
    {
        if (cutAt == Prev)
        {
            // Empty string due to multiple whitespace / whitespace at the beginning of the input
            // Just skip it
            Prev = Prev + 1;
            continue;
        }
        AString current = str.substr(Prev, cutAt - Prev);
        if ((current.front() == '"') || (current.front() == '\''))
        {
            Prev += 1;
            cutAtQuote = str.find_first_of(current.front(), Prev);
            if (cutAtQuote != str.npos)
            {
                current = str.substr(Prev, cutAtQuote - Prev);
                cutAt = cutAtQuote + 1;
            }
        }
 
        results.push_back(std::move(current));
        Prev = cutAt + 1;
    }
 
    if (Prev < str.length())
    {
        AString current = str.substr(Prev);
 
        // If the remant is wrapped in matching quotes, remove them:
        if (
            (current.length() >= 2) &&
            ((current.front() == '"') || (current.front() == '\'')) &&
            (current.front() == current.back())
        )
        {
            current = current.substr(1, current.length() - 2);
        }
 
        results.push_back(current);
    }
 
    return results;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString StringJoin(const AStringVector & a_Strings, const AString & a_Delimeter)
{
    if (a_Strings.empty())
    {
        return {};
    }
 
    // Do a dry run to gather the size
    const auto DelimSize = a_Delimeter.size();
    size_t ResultSize = a_Strings[0].size();
    std::for_each(a_Strings.begin() + 1, a_Strings.end(),
        [&](const AString & a_String)
        {
            ResultSize += DelimSize;
            ResultSize += a_String.size();
        }
    );
 
    // Now do the actual join
    AString Result;
    Result.reserve(ResultSize);
    Result.append(a_Strings[0]);
    std::for_each(a_Strings.begin() + 1, a_Strings.end(),
        [&](const AString & a_String)
        {
            Result += a_Delimeter;
            Result += a_String;
        }
    );
    return Result;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AStringVector StringSplitAndTrim(const AString & str, const AString & delim)
{
    AStringVector results;
    size_t cutAt = 0;
    size_t Prev = 0;
    while ((cutAt = str.find_first_of(delim, Prev)) != str.npos)
    {
        results.push_back(TrimString(str.substr(Prev, cutAt - Prev)));
        Prev = cutAt + 1;
    }
    if (Prev < str.length())
    {
        results.push_back(TrimString(str.substr(Prev)));
    }
    return results;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString TrimString(const AString & str)
{
    size_t len = str.length();
    size_t start = 0;
    while (start < len)
    {
        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(str[start]) > 32)
        {
            break;
        }
        ++start;
    }
    if (start == len)
    {
        return "";
    }
 
    size_t end = len;
    while (end >= start)
    {
        if (static_cast<unsigned char>(str[end]) > 32)
        {
            break;
        }
        --end;
    }
 
    return str.substr(start, end - start + 1);
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString & InPlaceLowercase(AString & s)
{
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::tolower);
    return s;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString & InPlaceUppercase(AString & s)
{
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), s.begin(), ::toupper);
    return s;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString StrToLower(const AString & s)
{
    AString res;
    res.resize(s.size());
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), res.begin(), ::tolower);
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString StrToUpper(const AString & s)
{
    AString res;
    res.resize(s.size());
    std::transform(s.begin(), s.end(), res.begin(), ::toupper);
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
int NoCaseCompare(const AString & s1, const AString & s2)
{
    #ifdef _MSC_VER
        return _stricmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str());
    #else
        return strcasecmp(s1.c_str(), s2.c_str());
    #endif  // else _MSC_VER
}
 
 
 
 
 
size_t RateCompareString(const AString & s1, const AString & s2)
{
    size_t MatchedLetters = 0;
    size_t s1Length = s1.length();
 
    if (s1Length > s2.length())
    {
        // Definitely not a match
        return 0;
    }
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < s1Length; i++)
    {
        char c1 = static_cast<char>(toupper(s1[i]));
        char c2 = static_cast<char>(toupper(s2[i]));
        if (c1 == c2)
        {
            ++MatchedLetters;
        }
        else
        {
            break;
        }
    }
    return MatchedLetters;
}
 
 
 
 
 
void ReplaceString(AString & iHayStack, const AString & iNeedle, const AString & iReplaceWith)
{
    // find always returns the current position for an empty needle; prevent endless loop
    if (iNeedle.empty())
    {
        return;
    }
 
    size_t pos1 = iHayStack.find(iNeedle);
    while (pos1 != AString::npos)
    {
        iHayStack.replace( pos1, iNeedle.size(), iReplaceWith);
        pos1 = iHayStack.find(iNeedle, pos1 + iReplaceWith.size());
    }
}
 
 
 
 
 
void ReplaceURL(AString & iHayStack, const AString & iNeedle, const AString & iReplaceWith)
{
    auto ReplaceWith = URLEncode(iReplaceWith);
    ReplaceString(iHayStack, iNeedle, ReplaceWith);
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString & RawBEToUTF8(const char * a_RawData, size_t a_NumShorts, AString & a_UTF8)
{
    a_UTF8.clear();
    a_UTF8.reserve(3 * a_NumShorts / 2);  // a quick guess of the resulting size
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a_NumShorts; i++)
    {
        a_UTF8.append(UnicodeCharToUtf8(GetBEUShort(&a_RawData[i * 2])));
    }
    return a_UTF8;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString UnicodeCharToUtf8(unsigned a_UnicodeChar)
{
    if (a_UnicodeChar < 0x80)
    {
        return AString{static_cast<char>(a_UnicodeChar)};
    }
    else if (a_UnicodeChar < 0x800)
    {
        return AString
        {
            static_cast<char>(192 + a_UnicodeChar / 64),
            static_cast<char>(128 + a_UnicodeChar % 64),
        };
    }
    else if (a_UnicodeChar - 0xd800 < 0x800)
    {
        // Error
        return AString();
    }
    else if (a_UnicodeChar < 0x10000)
    {
        return AString
        {
            static_cast<char>(224 + a_UnicodeChar / 4096),
            static_cast<char>(128 + (a_UnicodeChar / 64) % 64),
            static_cast<char>(128 + a_UnicodeChar % 64)
        };
    }
    else if (a_UnicodeChar < 0x110000)
    {
        return AString
        {
            static_cast<char>(240 + a_UnicodeChar / 262144),
            static_cast<char>(128 + (a_UnicodeChar / 4096) % 64),
            static_cast<char>(128 + (a_UnicodeChar / 64) % 64),
            static_cast<char>(128 + a_UnicodeChar % 64),
        };
    }
    else
    {
        // Error
        return AString();
    }
}
 
 
 
 
 
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic push
#pragma GCC diagnostic ignored "-Wimplicit-fallthrough"
#endif
// UTF-8 conversion code adapted from:
//  https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2867123/convert-utf-16-to-utf-8-under-windows-and-linux-in-c
 
// Begin of Unicode, Inc.'s code / information
 
/*
Notice from the original file:
* Copyright 2001-2004 Unicode, Inc.
*
* Disclaimer
*
* This source code is provided as is by Unicode, Inc. No claims are
* made as to fitness for any particular purpose. No warranties of any
* kind are expressed or implied. The recipient agrees to determine
* applicability of information provided. If this file has been
* purchased on magnetic or optical media from Unicode, Inc., the
* sole remedy for any claim will be exchange of defective media
* within 90 days of receipt.
*
* Limitations on Rights to Redistribute This Code
*
* Unicode, Inc. hereby grants the right to freely use the information
* supplied in this file in the creation of products supporting the
* Unicode Standard, and to make copies of this file in any form
* for internal or external distribution as long as this notice
* remains attached.
*/
 
#define UNI_MAX_BMP         0x0000FFFF
#define UNI_MAX_UTF16       0x0010FFFF
#define UNI_SUR_HIGH_START  0xD800
#define UNI_SUR_LOW_START   0xDC00
#define UNI_SUR_LOW_END     0xDFFF
 
 
 
 
 
static const Byte trailingBytesForUTF8[256] =
{
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,  0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0, 0,
    1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,  1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1, 1,
    2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2, 2,  3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 3, 4, 4, 4, 4, 5, 5, 5, 5
};
 
 
 
 
 
static const unsigned int offsetsFromUTF8[6] =
{
    0x00000000UL, 0x00003080UL, 0x000E2080UL,
    0x03C82080UL, 0xFA082080UL, 0x82082080UL
};
 
 
 
 
 
static bool isLegalUTF8(const unsigned char * source, int length)
{
    unsigned char a;
    const unsigned char * srcptr = source + length;
    switch (length)
    {
        default: return false;
        // Everything else falls through when "true"...
        case 4: if (((a = (*--srcptr)) < 0x80) || (a > 0xbf)) return false;
        case 3: if (((a = (*--srcptr)) < 0x80) || (a > 0xbf)) return false;
        case 2:
        {
            if ((a = (*--srcptr)) > 0xbf)
            {
                return false;
            }
            switch (*source)
            {
                // no fall-through in this inner switch
                case 0xe0: if (a < 0xa0) return false; break;
                case 0xed: if (a > 0x9f) return false; break;
                case 0xf0: if (a < 0x90) return false; break;
                case 0xf4: if (a > 0x8f) return false; break;
                default:   if (a < 0x80) return false;
            }
        }
        case 1: if ((*source >= 0x80) && (*source < 0xc2)) return false;
    }
    return (*source <= 0xf4);
}
 
 
 
 
 
std::u16string UTF8ToRawBEUTF16(const AString & a_UTF8)
{
    std::u16string UTF16;
    UTF16.reserve(a_UTF8.size() * 2);
 
    const unsigned char * source    = reinterpret_cast<const unsigned char *>(a_UTF8.data());
    const unsigned char * sourceEnd = source + a_UTF8.size();
    const int halfShift  = 10;  // used for shifting by 10 bits
    const unsigned int halfBase = 0x0010000UL;
    const unsigned int halfMask = 0x3ffUL;
 
    while (source < sourceEnd)
    {
        unsigned int ch = 0;
        unsigned short extraBytesToRead = trailingBytesForUTF8[*source];
        if (source + extraBytesToRead >= sourceEnd)
        {
            return UTF16;
        }
        // Do this check whether lenient or strict
        if (!isLegalUTF8(source, extraBytesToRead + 1))
        {
            return UTF16;
        }
 
        // The cases all fall through. See "Note A" below.
        switch (extraBytesToRead)
        {
            case 5: ch += *source++; ch <<= 6; /* remember, illegal UTF-8 */
            case 4: ch += *source++; ch <<= 6; /* remember, illegal UTF-8 */
            case 3: ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
            case 2: ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
            case 1: ch += *source++; ch <<= 6;
            case 0: ch += *source++;
        }
        ch -= offsetsFromUTF8[extraBytesToRead];
 
        if (ch <= UNI_MAX_BMP)
        {
            // Target is a character <= 0xFFFF
            if ((ch >= UNI_SUR_HIGH_START) && (ch <= UNI_SUR_LOW_END))
            {
                // UTF-16 surrogate values are illegal in UTF-32
                ch = ' ';
            }
            unsigned short v = htons(static_cast<unsigned short>(ch));
            UTF16.push_back(static_cast<char16_t>(v));
        }
        else if (ch > UNI_MAX_UTF16)
        {
            // Invalid value, replace with a space
            unsigned short v = htons(' ');
            UTF16.push_back(static_cast<char16_t>(v));
        }
        else
        {
            // target is a character in range 0xFFFF - 0x10FFFF.
            ch -= halfBase;
            auto v1 = htons(static_cast<uint16_t>((ch >> halfShift) + UNI_SUR_HIGH_START));
            auto v2 = htons(static_cast<uint16_t>((ch & halfMask) + UNI_SUR_LOW_START));
            UTF16.push_back(static_cast<char16_t>(v1));
            UTF16.push_back(static_cast<char16_t>(v2));
        }
    }
    return UTF16;
}
 
/*
---------------------------------------------------------------------
Note A.
The fall-through switches in UTF-8 reading code save a
temp variable, some decrements & conditionals.  The switches
are equivalent to the following loop:
{
    int tmpBytesToRead = extraBytesToRead + 1;
    do
    {
        ch += *source++;
        --tmpBytesToRead;
        if (tmpBytesToRead)
        {
            ch <<= 6;
        }
    } while (tmpBytesToRead > 0);
}
---------------------------------------------------------------------
*/
 
// End of Unicode, Inc.'s code / information
#ifdef __GNUC__
#pragma GCC diagnostic pop
#endif
 
 
 
 
 
#define HEX(x) static_cast<char>((x) > 9 ? (x) + 'A' - 10 : (x) + '0')
 
AString & CreateHexDump(AString & a_Out, const void * a_Data, size_t a_Size, size_t a_BytesPerLine)
{
    fmt::memory_buffer Output;
    /* If formatting the data from the comment above:
        Hex holds:   "31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 30 61 62 63 64 65 66 "
        Chars holds: "1234567890abcdef" */
    fmt::memory_buffer Hex, Chars;
 
    if (a_Size > 0)
    {
        // Same as std::ceil(static_cast<float>(a_Size) / a_BytesPerLine);
        const size_t NumLines = a_Size / a_BytesPerLine + (a_Size % a_BytesPerLine != 0);
        const size_t CharsPerLine = 14 + 4 * a_BytesPerLine;
        Output.reserve(NumLines * CharsPerLine);
    }
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < a_Size; i += a_BytesPerLine)
    {
        size_t k = std::min(a_Size - i, a_BytesPerLine);
        for (size_t j = 0; j < k; j++)
        {
            Byte c = (static_cast<const Byte *>(a_Data))[i + j];
            Hex.push_back(HEX(c >> 4));
            Hex.push_back(HEX(c & 0xf));
            Hex.push_back(' ');
            Chars.push_back((c >= ' ') ? static_cast<char>(c) : '.');
        }  // for j
 
        // Write Hex with a dynamic fixed width
        auto HexStr = fmt::string_view(Hex.data(), Hex.size());
        auto CharsStr = fmt::string_view(Chars.data(), Chars.size());
        fmt::format_to(
            Output, "{0:08x}: {1:{2}}   {3}\n",
            i, HexStr, a_BytesPerLine * 3, CharsStr
        );
 
        Hex.clear();
        Chars.clear();
    }  // for i
    a_Out.append(Output.data(), Output.size());
    return a_Out;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString EscapeString(const AString & a_Message)
{
    AString EscapedMsg;
    size_t len = a_Message.size();
    size_t last = 0;
    EscapedMsg.reserve(len);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        char ch = a_Message[i];
        switch (ch)
        {
            case '\'':
            case '\"':
            case '\\':
            {
                if (i > last)
                {
                    EscapedMsg.append(a_Message, last, i - last);
                }
                EscapedMsg.push_back('\\');
                EscapedMsg.push_back(ch);
                last = i + 1;
                break;
            }
        }  // switch (ch)
    }  // for i - a_Message[]
    if (len > last)
    {
        EscapedMsg.append(a_Message, last, len - last);
    }
    return EscapedMsg;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString StripColorCodes(const AString & a_Message)
{
    AString res(a_Message);
    size_t idx = 0;
    for (;;)
    {
        idx = res.find("\xc2\xa7", idx);
        if (idx == AString::npos)
        {
            return res;
        }
        res.erase(idx, 3);
    }
}
 
 
 
 
 
std::pair<bool, AString> URLDecode(const AString & a_Text)
{
    AString res;
    auto len = a_Text.size();
    res.reserve(len);
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        if (a_Text[i] == '+')
        {
            res.push_back(' ');
            continue;
        }
        if (a_Text[i] != '%')
        {
            res.push_back(a_Text[i]);
            continue;
        }
        if (i + 1 >= len)
        {
            // String too short for an encoded value
            return std::make_pair(false, AString());
        }
        if ((a_Text[i + 1] == 'u') || (a_Text[i + 1] == 'U'))
        {
            // Unicode char "%u0xxxx"
            if (i + 6 >= len)
            {
                return std::make_pair(false, AString());
            }
            if (a_Text[i + 2] != '0')
            {
                return std::make_pair(false, AString());
            }
            unsigned v1 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 3]);
            unsigned v2 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 4]);
            unsigned v3 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 5]);
            unsigned v4 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 6]);
            if ((v1 == 0xff) || (v2 == 0xff) || (v4 == 0xff) || (v3 == 0xff))
            {
                // Invalid hex numbers
                return std::make_pair(false, AString());
            }
            res.append(UnicodeCharToUtf8((v1 << 12) | (v2 << 8) | (v3 << 4) | v4));
            i = i + 6;
        }
        else
        {
            // Regular char "%xx":
            if (i + 2 >= len)
            {
                return std::make_pair(false, AString());
            }
            auto v1 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 1]);
            auto v2 = HexToDec(a_Text[i + 2]);
            if ((v1 == 0xff) || (v2 == 0xff))
            {
                // Invalid hex numbers
                return std::make_pair(false, AString());
            }
            res.push_back(static_cast<char>((v1 << 4) | v2));
            i = i + 2;
        }
    }  // for i - a_Text[i]
    return std::make_pair(true, res);
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString URLEncode(const AString & a_Text)
{
    AString res;
    auto len = a_Text.size();
    res.reserve(len);
    static const char HEX[] = "0123456789ABCDEF";
    for (size_t i = 0; i < len; ++i)
    {
        if (isalnum(a_Text[i]))
        {
            res.push_back(a_Text[i]);
        }
        else if (a_Text[i] == ' ')
        {
            res.push_back('+');
        }
        else
        {
            res.push_back('%');
            res.push_back(HEX[static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Text[i]) >> 4]);
            res.push_back(HEX[static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Text[i]) & 0x0f]);
        }
    }
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString ReplaceAllCharOccurrences(const AString & a_String, char a_From, char a_To)
{
    AString res(a_String);
    std::replace(res.begin(), res.end(), a_From, a_To);
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
static inline int UnBase64(char c)
{
    if ((c >='A') && (c <= 'Z'))
    {
        return c - 'A';
    }
    if ((c >='a') && (c <= 'z'))
    {
        return c - 'a' + 26;
    }
    if ((c >= '0') && (c <= '9'))
    {
        return c - '0' + 52;
    }
    if (c == '+')
    {
        return 62;
    }
    if (c == '/')
    {
        return 63;
    }
    if (c == '=')
    {
        return -1;
    }
    return -2;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString Base64Decode(const AString & a_Base64String)
{
    AString res;
    size_t i, len = a_Base64String.size();
    size_t o;
    int c;
    res.resize((len * 4) / 3 + 5, 0);  // Approximate the upper bound on the result length
    for (o = 0, i = 0; i < len; i++)
    {
        c = UnBase64(a_Base64String[i]);
        if (c >= 0)
        {
            switch (o & 7)
            {
                case 0: res[o >> 3] |= (c << 2); break;
                case 6: res[o >> 3] |= (c >> 4); res[(o >> 3) + 1] |= (c << 4); break;
                case 4: res[o >> 3] |= (c >> 2); res[(o >> 3) + 1] |= (c << 6); break;
                case 2: res[o >> 3] |= c; break;
            }
            o += 6;
        }
        if (c == -1)
        {
            // Error while decoding, invalid input. Return as much as we've decoded:
            res.resize(o >> 3);
            return res;
        }
    }
    res.resize(o >> 3);
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString Base64Encode(const AString & a_Input)
{
    static const char BASE64[64] =
    {
        'A', 'B', 'C', 'D', 'E', 'F', 'G', 'H', 'I', 'J', 'K', 'L', 'M', 'N', 'O', 'P',
        'Q', 'R', 'S', 'T', 'U', 'V', 'W', 'X', 'Y', 'Z', 'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f',
        'g', 'h', 'i', 'j', 'k', 'l', 'm', 'n', 'o', 'p', 'q', 'r', 's', 't', 'u', 'v',
        'w', 'x', 'y', 'z', '0', '1', '2', '3', '4', '5', '6', '7', '8', '9', '+', '/'
    };
 
    AString output;
    output.resize(((a_Input.size() + 2) / 3) * 4);
 
    size_t output_index = 0;
    size_t size_full24 = (a_Input.size() / 3) * 3;
 
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size_full24; i += 3)
    {
        output[output_index++] = BASE64[static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i]) >> 2];
        output[output_index++] = BASE64[(static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i]) << 4 | static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i + 1]) >> 4) & 63];
        output[output_index++] = BASE64[(static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i + 1]) << 2 | static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i + 2]) >> 6) & 63];
        output[output_index++] = BASE64[static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[i + 2]) & 63];
    }
 
    if (size_full24 < a_Input.size())
    {
        output[output_index++] = BASE64[static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[size_full24]) >> 2];
        if (size_full24 + 1 == a_Input.size())
        {
            output[output_index++] = BASE64[(static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[size_full24]) << 4) & 63];
            output[output_index++] = '=';
        }
        else
        {
            output[output_index++] = BASE64[(static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[size_full24]) << 4 | static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[size_full24 + 1]) >> 4) & 63];
            output[output_index++] = BASE64[(static_cast<unsigned char>(a_Input[size_full24 + 1]) << 2) & 63];
        }
 
        output[output_index++] = '=';
    }
    ASSERT(output_index == output.size());
 
    return output;
}
 
 
 
 
 
short GetBEShort(const std::byte * const a_Mem)
{
    return static_cast<short>(
        (static_cast<short>(a_Mem[0]) << 8) |
        static_cast<short>(a_Mem[1])
    );
}
 
 
 
 
 
unsigned short GetBEUShort(const char * a_Mem)
{
    const Byte * Bytes = reinterpret_cast<const Byte *>(a_Mem);
    return static_cast<unsigned short>((Bytes[0] << 8) | Bytes[1]);
}
 
 
 
 
 
int GetBEInt(const std::byte * const a_Mem)
{
    return
        (static_cast<int>(a_Mem[0]) << 24) |
        (static_cast<int>(a_Mem[1]) << 16) |
        (static_cast<int>(a_Mem[2]) << 8) |
        static_cast<int>(a_Mem[3])
    ;
}
 
 
 
 
 
void SetBEInt(std::byte * a_Mem, Int32 a_Value)
{
    a_Mem[0] = std::byte(a_Value >> 24);
    a_Mem[1] = std::byte((a_Value >> 16) & 0xff);
    a_Mem[2] = std::byte((a_Value >> 8) & 0xff);
    a_Mem[3] = std::byte(a_Value & 0xff);
}
 
 
 
 
 
bool SplitZeroTerminatedStrings(const AString & a_Strings, AStringVector & a_Output)
{
    a_Output.clear();
    size_t size = a_Strings.size();
    size_t start = 0;
    bool res = false;
    for (size_t i = 0; i < size; i++)
    {
        if (a_Strings[i] == 0)
        {
            a_Output.push_back(a_Strings.substr(start, i - start));
            start = i + 1;
            res = true;
        }
    }
    if (start < size)
    {
        a_Output.push_back(a_Strings.substr(start, size - start));
        res = true;
    }
 
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AStringVector MergeStringVectors(const AStringVector & a_Strings1, const AStringVector & a_Strings2)
{
    // Initialize the resulting vector by the first vector:
    AStringVector res = a_Strings1;
 
    // Add each item from strings2 that is not already present:
    for (const auto & item : a_Strings2)
    {
        if (std::find(res.begin(), res.end(), item) == res.end())
        {
            res.push_back(item);
        }
    }  // for item - a_Strings2[]
 
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
AString StringsConcat(const AStringVector & a_Strings, char a_Separator)
{
    // If the vector is empty, return an empty string:
    if (a_Strings.empty())
    {
        return "";
    }
 
    // Concatenate the strings in the vector:
    AString res;
    res.append(a_Strings[0]);
    for (auto itr = a_Strings.cbegin() + 1, end = a_Strings.cend(); itr != end; ++itr)
    {
        res.push_back(a_Separator);
        res.append(*itr);
    }
    return res;
}
 
 
 
 
 
bool StringToFloat(const AString & a_String, float & a_Num)
{
    char *err;
    a_Num = strtof(a_String.c_str(), &err);
    return (*err == 0);
}
 
 
 
 
 
bool IsOnlyWhitespace(const AString & a_String)
{
    return std::all_of(a_String.cbegin(), a_String.cend(), isspace);
}